Files

In this section

• 🗜 Compression

  Zip / Unzip

  1zip <archive.zip> <file1> <file2>     # compress files.
  2zip -r <archive.zip> <directory>      # compress a directory.
  3unzip archive_name.zip [-d directory] # decompress an archive.
  

  Gzip / Gunzip

  gzip is based on the Deflate algorithm (a combination of the LZ77 and Huffman algorithms).

  1gzip -l                                          # show the size of the uncompressed file.
  2gzip <file>                                      # compress.
  3gunzip <file.gz> | gzip -d <file.gz>             # decompress.
  4gzip -9 <my_file>                                # compress a file optimally.
  5gzip -c <file1> <file2> > compressed_file.gz     # compress several files into a single one.
  

  Bzip2 / Bunzip2

  bzip2 is an alternative to gzip, more efficient but slower.

• 📦 Archive

  Tar - “tape archiver”

  • Preserve files permissions and ownership.

  • The Basics

   1# Archive
   2tar cvf my_archive.tar <file1> <file2> </dir/folder/>
   3
   4## Archive and compress with zstd everything in the current dir and push to /target/dir
   5tar -I zstd -vcf archive.tar.zstd -C /target/dir . 
   6
   7# Extract
   8tar xvf my_archive.tar
   9
  10# Extract and push to target dir 
  11tar -zxvf new.tar.gz -C /target/dir 
  

  • Other useful options • t : list archive’s content. • T : archive list given by a file. • P : preserve absolute path (useful for backing up /etc). • X : exclude. • z : gunzip compression. • j : bzip2 compression. • J : lzma compression.

• 💾 Backup & Sync

  Rsync

  The classic formula

  1rsync -arv --info=progress2 photo backup_photo
  

  • a = archive — preserves permissions (owner, group), times, symbolic links and devices.
  • r = recursive — copies directories and sub-directories.
  • v = verbose — prints what is being copied.

  Examples

  1rsync -apvz --stats --update --exclude gsast/olap_cubes --exclude gsast/param   user@server-src:/export/ user@server-dest:/home/
  2rsync -av -e ssh root@192.168.1.10:/backup/DUMP/* .
  3rsync -azp --stats root@oracle-src:/ec/sw/oracle/client/product/12.2.0.1/network/mesg/ ~/mesg/
  4rsync -azp /home/user/mesg/ root@oracle-dest.example.com:/ec/sw/oracle/client/product/12.2.0.1/network/mesg/
  5
  6ssh root@oracle-dest.example.com "ls -lrt /ec/sw/oracle/client/product/12.2.0.1/network/mesg/"
  7ssh root@oracle-dest.example.com "chown oracle:dc_dba /ec/sw/oracle/client/product/12.2.0.1/network/mesg/*"
  8
  9rsync -aS --delete --rsh /export/home backup-host:/export/save
  

  Propagate deletions to the backup

  If you delete files in the source directory, rsync does not propagate the deletion to the backup directory unless you add the --delete option.